Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger for a given heat transfer surface area, smaller diameter tubes are favoured as compared to larger diameter ones ; because the smaller diameter tubes

Are less prone to fouling
Can be fitted into a smaller shell diameter hence the cost of the heat exchanger would be less
Are easier to clean
None of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Practical dividing line between a ductile and brittle materials is suggested, when the ultimate elongation is about 5%. Generally, larger the knuckle radius, stronger is the corner torus section of a head. The knuckle radius provided should be less than __________ of the head.

3 times the thickness
Either A or B, whichever is larger
6% of I.D.
Either A or B, whichever is smaller

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