Process Equipment and Plant Design
Overall distillation column efficiency for most of the refinery columns can be given by (for μ = 0.07 - 1.4 cp and relative volatility < 4) (where η = overall column efficiency, % μ = molal average viscosity of feed at average column temperature and pressure, cp Δp = pressure drop per tray, psi)

Η = 1.66 - 0.25 log μ
Η = 0.25 log μ - 1.67
Η = 24.6 (Δp/μ)
Η = 17 - 61.1 log μ

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Reducing the resistance of fluid flow
Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes
Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve
Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Practical dividing line between a ductile and brittle materials is suggested, when the ultimate elongation is about 5%. Generally, larger the knuckle radius, stronger is the corner torus section of a head. The knuckle radius provided should be less than __________ of the head.

6% of I.D.
Either A or B, whichever is larger
Either A or B, whichever is smaller
3 times the thickness

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a shell and tube heat exchanger

Both B and C
Facilitates comparatively easier external cleaning because of large clearance
Permits the use of more tubes in a given shell diameter
Permits the use of less tubes in a given shell diameter

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP