Process Equipment and Plant Design
Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method?

Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero
Sensible heat changes for vapour & liquid are negligibly small
Molar latent heat of the two components are equal
Reflux is not a saturated liquid

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of the bubble cap tray of a distillation column to give stable operation and even vapour distribution.

The pressure drop due to the caps & slots and the static submergence should be as high as practicable for reasonable operation
The dimensionless ratio of liquid gradient to pressure drop head caused by the bubble cap assembly should be less than 0.4
Tendency towards stable operation is increased by increasing the skirt clearance of the caps, lowering the rate of liquid flow per unit plate width or increasing the spacing between the caps
None of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Smoker's equation for the calculation of number of equilibrium stages in a continuous binary distillation column is used, when the

Relative volatility is close to one (e.g., separation of close boiling isomers)
Number of equilibrium stages required is likely to be very small
Number of equilibrium stages in only stripping section is to be calculated
Feed is not at its bubble point

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