Process Equipment and Plant Design
For turbulent flow (NRe > 2100) of low viscosity fluid (μ > 20cp) in steel pipes, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by(where, Q = fluid flow rate, ft³/sec.ρ = fluid density, lb/ft³ μ = fluid viscosity, centipoise Di = optimum inside pipe diameter, inches)

Di, opt = 4.7 Q0.36 . μ3.2ρ0.13
Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 . μ0.88
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 ρ0.13
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 . μ0.95

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Hydrostatic head is required for refluxing the condensate
Only the function of condensation is to be carried out
Both the functions of condensation & sub cooling are carried out in a single unit
Sub cooling of condensate is desired

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a horizontal tube evaporator.

Liquor flows inside the tube, while the steam is outside submerging the tube
Its usual dimensions are: tube dia = 2-3 cms; evaporator body dia = 1-4 metres and evaporator height = 2.5-4 metres
It is unsuitable for concentrating those liquids, which form a scale or deposit salt
It is suitable for process, in which the final product is a liquor instead of solid

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