Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

All of these
Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter
Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D
Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of the bubble cap tray of a distillation column to give stable operation and even vapour distribution.

The dimensionless ratio of liquid gradient to pressure drop head caused by the bubble cap assembly should be less than 0.4
The pressure drop due to the caps & slots and the static submergence should be as high as practicable for reasonable operation
None of these
Tendency towards stable operation is increased by increasing the skirt clearance of the caps, lowering the rate of liquid flow per unit plate width or increasing the spacing between the caps

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