Process Equipment and Plant Design
A claming section before the liquid flows into the downcomer is privided to

Reduce the discharge fluctuation
Ensure better vapour-liquid contact
Cool the liquid before it flows down
Permit release of entrained vapour in the liquid

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

All of these
Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²
Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D
Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter

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