Process Equipment and Plant Design
The clearance between two tubes in a shell and tube heat exchanger is known as 'ligament', whose minimum value is __________ the outside diameter of the tube, but in no case it should be less than 4.5 mm.

Half
One fourth
Three fourth
Equal to

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Bubble cap tray is the most commonly used tray in large distillation column, because

None of these
Of its flexibility and nearly constant efficiency under varying conditions of operation
It incurs less pressure drop as compared to any other try designed for the same duty
It eliminates the foaming and entrain-ment tendency during operation

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