Process Equipment and Plant Design
Bubble cap tray is the most commonly used tray in large distillation column, because

It eliminates the foaming and entrain-ment tendency during operation
It incurs less pressure drop as compared to any other try designed for the same duty
Of its flexibility and nearly constant efficiency under varying conditions of operation
None of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Seamless pipe is made

By forging a solid round, piercing it by simultaneously rotating & forcing it over a piercer point and further reducing it by rolling gas drawing
By extrusion & casting into static and centrifugal molds
Both B and C
From rolled strips formed into cylinders and seam-welded

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