Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube)

(P² - πd²/4)/πd
4P²/πd
4(P² - πd²/4)/πd
Πd/4P²

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the corrosion allowance

All of these
For internal cover and tube sheet is provided on both the sides
For carbon steel and cast iron pressure parts is 1.5 mm (except for tubes) and for severe conditions it is 3 mm
Need not be provided for non-pressure parts like tie rods, spacers, baffles, supports etc

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