In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube)

Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube)

4P²/πd

Πd/4P²

4(P² - πd²/4)/πd

(P² - πd²/4)/πd

4P²/πd

Πd/4P²

4(P² - πd²/4)/πd

(P² - πd²/4)/πd

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

All of these

Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D

Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter

Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²

All of these

Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D

Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter

Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Spherical shaped pressure vessel is considered to be the most ideal, because it can

Be designed without wind load considerations

Be fabricated very easily

Be supported very easily

Withstand higher pressure for a given metallic shell thickness

Be designed without wind load considerations

Be fabricated very easily

Be supported very easily

Withstand higher pressure for a given metallic shell thickness

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

Decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must

Providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir

Using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft

All of these

Decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must

Providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir

Using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft

All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, no corrosion allowance in wall thickness of a part is required, if the thickness is more than __________ mm.

20

5

10

30

20

5

10

30

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In actual operation of distillation column, the vapour is not distributed uniformly among the bubble caps, primarily because of the

Liquid gradient on the tray

Lower skirt clearance

Lower static submergence

Small downcomer liquid seal

Liquid gradient on the tray

Lower skirt clearance

Lower static submergence

Small downcomer liquid seal

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Process Equipment and Plant Design

Process Equipment and Plant Design In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube)

Process Equipment and Plant Design Generally, elliptical dished heads

Process Equipment and Plant Design Spherical shaped pressure vessel is considered to be the most ideal, because it can

Process Equipment and Plant Design Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

Process Equipment and Plant Design Generally, no corrosion allowance in wall thickness of a part is required, if the thickness is more than __________ mm.

Process Equipment and Plant Design In actual operation of distillation column, the vapour is not distributed uniformly among the bubble caps, primarily because of the

Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube)

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Spherical shaped pressure vessel is considered to be the most ideal, because it can

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, no corrosion allowance in wall thickness of a part is required, if the thickness is more than __________ mm.

Process Equipment and Plant Design
In actual operation of distillation column, the vapour is not distributed uniformly among the bubble caps, primarily because of the