In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube)

Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube)

(P² - πd²/4)/πd

Πd/4P²

4P²/πd

4(P² - πd²/4)/πd

(P² - πd²/4)/πd

Πd/4P²

4P²/πd

4(P² - πd²/4)/πd

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The most common standard size of bubble caps used in industrial operation is

6" dia cap with 4" dia riser

4" dia cap with 8" dia riser

1" dia cap with 0.5" dia riser

8" dia cap with 1" dia riser

6" dia cap with 4" dia riser

4" dia cap with 8" dia riser

1" dia cap with 0.5" dia riser

8" dia cap with 1" dia riser

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Spherical shaped pressure vessel is considered to be the most ideal, because it can

Be supported very easily

Be designed without wind load considerations

Withstand higher pressure for a given metallic shell thickness

Be fabricated very easily

Be supported very easily

Be designed without wind load considerations

Withstand higher pressure for a given metallic shell thickness

Be fabricated very easily

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Overall distillation column efficiency for most of the refinery columns can be given by (for μ = 0.07 - 1.4 cp and relative volatility < 4) (where η = overall column efficiency, % μ = molal average viscosity of feed at average column temperature and pressure, cp Δp = pressure drop per tray, psi)

Η = 0.25 log μ - 1.67

Η = 24.6 (Δp/μ)

Η = 1.66 - 0.25 log μ

Η = 17 - 61.1 log μ

Η = 0.25 log μ - 1.67

Η = 24.6 (Δp/μ)

Η = 1.66 - 0.25 log μ

Η = 17 - 61.1 log μ

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The minimum plate spacing in most of the pertroleum refinery distillation columns (of dia > 3 ft) is normally __________ inches.

6

34

12

18

6

34

12

18

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The testing pressure of storage tanks and pressure vessels designed as per Indian standard codes should be about __________ times.the design pressure.

4 to 5

>5

1.5 to 2

3 to 4

4 to 5

>5

1.5 to 2

3 to 4

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Process Equipment and Plant Design

Process Equipment and Plant Design In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube)

Process Equipment and Plant Design The most common standard size of bubble caps used in industrial operation is

Process Equipment and Plant Design Spherical shaped pressure vessel is considered to be the most ideal, because it can

Process Equipment and Plant Design The minimum plate spacing in most of the pertroleum refinery distillation columns (of dia > 3 ft) is normally __________ inches.

Process Equipment and Plant Design The testing pressure of storage tanks and pressure vessels designed as per Indian standard codes should be about __________ times.the design pressure.

Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube)

Process Equipment and Plant Design
The most common standard size of bubble caps used in industrial operation is

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Spherical shaped pressure vessel is considered to be the most ideal, because it can

Process Equipment and Plant Design
The minimum plate spacing in most of the pertroleum refinery distillation columns (of dia > 3 ft) is normally __________ inches.

Process Equipment and Plant Design
The testing pressure of storage tanks and pressure vessels designed as per Indian standard codes should be about __________ times.the design pressure.