Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

Using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft
Decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must
All of these
Providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The centre to centre distance between two consecutive baffles in a shell and tube heat exchanger is called the baffle pitch or baffle spacing, which is more than 1/5th the I.D. of the shell. Which of the following is not a function of the baffles?

To increase the tube side heat transfer co-efficient by inducing turbulence
To reduce the induced vibration in the tubes
To provide support to the tube bundle
To increase the residence time of shell side fluid

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