Process Equipment and Plant Design
Accidents in chemical plants are mostly due to

Failure of equipments
Improper layout of the equipments
Inadequate equipment design
Faulty operating procedures

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The LMTD correction factor (FT) is defined as the

Ratio of LMTD to the true temperature difference
Ratio of true temperature difference to the LMTD
Differenced of true temperature difference and the LMTD
Geometric mean of the true temperature difference and the LMTD

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In case of design of a shell and tube heat exchanger,

Minimum cleaning lane of 6.5 mm is provided, when tubes are on a square pitch
All of these
Minimum tube sheet thickness (in which tubes are fixed) is equal to the O.D. of the tube upto 15 mm tube diameter; and for > 15 mm tube diameter, tube sheet thickness is smaller than tube diameter
O.D. of the tube is 6 to 40 mm while the tube lengths used are 0.5, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6 metres

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