Process Equipment and Plant Design
Accidents in chemical plants are mostly due to

Failure of equipments
Improper layout of the equipments
Faulty operating procedures
Inadequate equipment design

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell
Increases upwards
Decreases upwards
Remains same throughout

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