Process Equipment and Plant Design
Accidents in chemical plants are mostly due to

Failure of equipments
Faulty operating procedures
Inadequate equipment design
Improper layout of the equipments

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the logarithmic mean temperature difference

Is always more than arithmetic mean value and the geometric mean value
May be either more or less than geometric mean and arithmetic mean value depending upon whether the flow of stream is co-current or counter-current
Is always less than arithmetic mean value, but more than geometric mean value
Is always less than arithmetic average value

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method?

Reflux is not a saturated liquid
Molar latent heat of the two components are equal
Sensible heat changes for vapour & liquid are negligibly small
Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell
Increases upwards
Remains same throughout
Decreases upwards

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