Process Equipment and Plant Design
Optimum reflux ratio in a continuous distillation column is determined by the

Total cost consideration (fixed cost of the column plus the cooling water & steam cost)
Flooding limit of the column
Maximum permissible vapour velocity
None of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

All of these
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube
Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used

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