Process Equipment and Plant Design
Optimum reflux ratio in a continuous distillation column is determined by the

Maximum permissible vapour velocity
Flooding limit of the column
None of these
Total cost consideration (fixed cost of the column plus the cooling water & steam cost)

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Practical dividing line between a ductile and brittle materials is suggested, when the ultimate elongation is about 5%. Generally, larger the knuckle radius, stronger is the corner torus section of a head. The knuckle radius provided should be less than __________ of the head.

Either A or B, whichever is smaller
Either A or B, whichever is larger
3 times the thickness
6% of I.D.

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method?

Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero
Molar latent heat of the two components are equal
Reflux is not a saturated liquid
Sensible heat changes for vapour & liquid are negligibly small

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