Process Equipment and Plant Design
Optimum reflux ratio in a continuous distillation column is determined by the

Total cost consideration (fixed cost of the column plus the cooling water & steam cost)
Flooding limit of the column
Maximum permissible vapour velocity
None of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a shell and tube heat exchanger

Permits the use of less tubes in a given shell diameter
Both B and C
Facilitates comparatively easier external cleaning because of large clearance
Permits the use of more tubes in a given shell diameter

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