Process Equipment and Plant Design
Optimum reflux ratio in a continuous distillation column is determined by the

None of these
Flooding limit of the column
Maximum permissible vapour velocity
Total cost consideration (fixed cost of the column plus the cooling water & steam cost)

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement about the design of a sieve plate column.

Width of the calming section provided at the inlet and outlet sides of the plate is 75 mm for column diameter below 1.5 metres and 100 mm for larger diameter columns
For segmental downcomers, the chord length is 60-80% of the column diameter. An initial value of downcomer area of 12% is taken in the design
An increased weir height improves the tray efficiency at the cost of high plate pressure drop; optimum wear height being 40-90 mm for column pressure above atmospheric and 6-12 mm for vacuum columns
Minimum recommended downcomer residence time for the disengagement of entrained vapour is the same for both foaming and non-foaming liquids, which is about 20 seconds

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A forced circulation long tube vertical evaporator as compared to the natural circulation evaporator

Is economical in operation
Both B & C
Employs a centrifugal pump placed between external downtake from vapor drum and inlet to tube bundle
Employs high velocity, high heat transfer rate and less heating surface requirement

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