Process Equipment and Plant Design
Optimum reflux ratio in a continuous distillation column is determined by the

None of these
Total cost consideration (fixed cost of the column plus the cooling water & steam cost)
Maximum permissible vapour velocity
Flooding limit of the column

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"
More than the tube diameter
More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout
Equal to the tube diameter

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method?

Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero
Sensible heat changes for vapour & liquid are negligibly small
Reflux is not a saturated liquid
Molar latent heat of the two components are equal

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