Process Equipment and Plant Design
Optimum reflux ratio in a continuous distillation column is determined by the

Maximum permissible vapour velocity
Total cost consideration (fixed cost of the column plus the cooling water & steam cost)
Flooding limit of the column
None of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The LMTD correction factor (FT) is defined as the

Differenced of true temperature difference and the LMTD
Geometric mean of the true temperature difference and the LMTD
Ratio of LMTD to the true temperature difference
Ratio of true temperature difference to the LMTD

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a double pipe (concentric) heat exchanger, the hydraulic radius for heat transfer (for a fluid flowing through the annulus) would be

D₂ - D₁ (D₁ and D₂ are I.D. of inner and outer pipes respectively)
Less than that for fluid flow
Same as that for fluid flow
More than that for fluid flow

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