Process Equipment and Plant Design
Optimum reflux ratio in a continuous distillation column is determined by the

Flooding limit of the column
Maximum permissible vapour velocity
None of these
Total cost consideration (fixed cost of the column plus the cooling water & steam cost)

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method?

Molar latent heat of the two components are equal
Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero
Sensible heat changes for vapour & liquid are negligibly small
Reflux is not a saturated liquid

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