Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a double pipe (concentric) heat exchanger, the hydraulic radius for heat transfer (for a fluid flowing through the annulus) would be

D₂ - D₁ (D₁ and D₂ are I.D. of inner and outer pipes respectively)
More than that for fluid flow
Less than that for fluid flow
Same as that for fluid flow

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Process Equipment and Plant Design
A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design

Only if the opening is on a horizontal cylinderical vessel
Only if the opening is on spherical vessel
Only if the opening is on a vertical cylinderical vessel
Irrespective of the shape of the vessel

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP