Vinegar and Citric Acid
In submerged process for the fermentation to produce citric acid,

A. niger is used with solid substrate as sweet potato
Fungal mycelium grows through out the solution in a deep tank
both (a) and (b)
A. niger floats on the surface of solution

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Vinegar and Citric Acid
Vinegar is typically produced in fed batch reactors because

All of these
a fed batch reactor can be used to maintain low ethanol concentrations
acetic acid bacteria tend to ferment at high ethanol concentrations
a fed batch reactor can be used to maintain low acetic acid concentrations

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