Vinegar and Citric Acid
In liquid surface culture process for the fermentation to produce citric acid,

A. niger floats on the surface of solution
Fungal mycelium grows through out the solution in a deep tank
A. niger is used with solid substrate as sweet potato
both (a) and (b)

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Vinegar and Citric Acid
Vinegar is typically produced in fed batch reactors because

a fed batch reactor can be used to maintain low ethanol concentrations
acetic acid bacteria tend to ferment at high ethanol concentrations
All of these
a fed batch reactor can be used to maintain low acetic acid concentrations

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