Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In reaction turbine, draft tube is used

To transport water downstream without eddies
To convert the kinetic energy to flow energy by a gradual expansion of the flow cross-section
For safety of turbine
To increase flow rate

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge over a rectangular weir, considering the velocity of approach, is (whereH1 = H + Ha = Total height of water above the weir, H = Height of water over the crest of the weir, and Ha = Height of water due to velocity of approach)

(2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H15/2 - Ha5/2]
(2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H13/2 - Ha3/2]
(2/3) Cd × L.√2g [H1 - Ha]
(2/3) Cd × L.√2g [H12 - Ha2]

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