Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The flow in a pipe or channel is said to be non-uniform when

The liquid particles at different sections have different velocities
The quantity of liquid flowing per second is constant
Each liquid particle has a definite path
The liquid particles at all sections have the same velocities

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a reaction turbine, the draft tube is used

To transport water to downstream
To run the turbine full
To increase the head of water by an amount equal to the height of the runner outlet above the tail race
To prevent air to enter the turbine

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