Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In series-pipe problems

the head loss is same through each pipe
the discharge is same through each pipe
the discharge through each pipe is added to obtain total discharge
a trial solution is not necessary

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of resistance is the ratio of

Actual discharge through an orifice to the theoretical discharge
Area of jet at vena-contracta to the area of orifice
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Actual velocity of jet at vena-contracta to the theoretical velocity

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