Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The overall efficiency of a reaction turbine is the ratio of

Power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine
Work-done on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the turbine
Actual work available at the turbine to the energy imparted to the wheel
None of these

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The depth of centre of pressure (h) for a vertically immersed surface from the liquid surface is given by (where IG = Moment of inertia of the immersed surface about horizontal axis through its centre of gravity, A = Area of immersed surface, and x = Depth of centre of gravity of the immersed surface from the liquid surface)

(IG/Ax̅) + x̅
(IG/Ax̅) - x̅
(IG/x̅) - Ax̅
(Ax̅/IG) + x̅

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