Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The flow ratio of Francis turbine is defined as the ratio of the

Velocity of runner at inlet to the velocity of flow at inlet
Velocity of flow at inlet to the theoretical jet velocity
None of these
Theoretical velocity of jet to the velocity of flow at inlet

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
If the elevation of hydraulic grade line at the junction of three pipes is above the elevation of reservoirs B and C and below reservoir A, then the direction of flow will be

from reservoir A to reservoirs B and C
from reservoir C to reservoirs A and B
unpredictable
from reservoir B to reservoirs C and A

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