Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A tank of uniform cross-sectional area (A) containing liquid upto height (H1) has an orifice of cross-sectional area (a) at its bottom. The time required to empty the tank completely will be

(2AH₁²)/(Cd × a√2g)
(2A√H₁)/(Cd × a√2g)
(2AH₁)/(Cd × a√2g)
(2AH₁3/2)/(Cd × a√2g)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a forced vortex motion, the velocity of flow is

directly proportional to the square of its radial distance from the axis of rotation
directly proportional to its radial distance from axis of rotation
inversely proportional to the square of its radial distance from the axis of rotation
inversely proportional to its radial distance from the axis of rotation

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Cavitation will begin when

pressure becomes more than critical pressure
the pressure at any location reaches an absolute pressure equal to the saturated vapour pressure of the liquid
pressure is increased
flow is increased

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A compound pipe of diameter d1, d2 and d3 having lengths l1, l2 and l3 is to be replaced by an equivalent pipe of uniform diameter d and of the same length (l) as that of the compound pipe. The size of the equivalent pipe is given by

l/d⁵ = (l₁/d₁⁵) + (l₂/d₂⁵) + (l₃/d₃⁵)
l/d⁴ = (l₁/d₁⁴) + (l₂/d₂⁴) + (l₃/d₃⁴)
l/d³ = (l₁/d₁³) + (l₂/d₂³) + (l₃/d₃³)
l/d² = (l₁/d₁²) + (l₂/d₂²) + (l₃/d₃²)

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