Estimating and Costing
If the formation level of a highway has a uniform gradient for a particular length, and the ground is also having a longitudinal slope, the earthwork may be calculated by

Prismoidal formula
Trapezoidal formula
Mid-section formula
All of these

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Estimating and Costing
The assumption on which the trapezoidal formula for volumes is based, is

All listed here
The volume of the Prismoidal is over-estimated and hence a Prismoidal correction is applied
The mid-area of a pyramid is half the average area of the ends
The end sections are parallel planes

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