Estimating and Costing
For the construction of buildings, the subheads of the estimate are

All of these
Brickwork, Stone work, Roofing
Earthwork, Concrete work, Brick work
Brickwork Flooring, Wood work, Steel work

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Estimating and Costing
While estimating a reinforced cement structure, the omitted cover of concrete is assumed

At the end of reinforcing bar, not less than 25 mm or twice the diameter of the bar
In thin slabs, 12 mm minimum or diameter of the bar whichever is more
For reinforcing longitudinal bar in a beam 25 mm minimum or diameter of the largest bar which is more
All of these

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