Estimating and Costing
The assumption on which the trapezoidal formula for volumes is based, is

All listed here
The end sections are parallel planes
The mid-area of a pyramid is half the average area of the ends
The volume of the Prismoidal is over-estimated and hence a Prismoidal correction is applied

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Estimating and Costing
The correct Prismoidal formula for volume is

D/6 [first area + last area + 2 ∑ Even area + 4 ∑ odd areas]
D/3 [first area + last area + 2 Ʃ Even area + 4 Ʃ odd areas]
D/3 [first area + last area + 4 Ʃ Even area + 2 Ʃ odd areas]
D [first area + last area + Ʃ Even area + 2 Ʃ odd areas]

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Estimating and Costing
Pick up the correct statement regarding the centre line method of estimating a building

Product of the centre line of the walls and area of cross-section of any item, gives total quantity of the item
The centre line length is reduced by half the layer of main wall joining the partition wall
The centre line is worked out separately for different sections of walls of a building
All of these

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