Estimating and Costing
Berms are provided in canals if these are

All of these
Fully in excavation
Fully in embankment
Partly in excavation and partly in embankment

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Estimating and Costing
While estimating a reinforced cement structure, the omitted cover of concrete is assumed

At the end of reinforcing bar, not less than 25 mm or twice the diameter of the bar
In thin slabs, 12 mm minimum or diameter of the bar whichever is more
For reinforcing longitudinal bar in a beam 25 mm minimum or diameter of the largest bar which is more
All of these

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