Estimating and Costing
Pick up the excavation where measurements are made in square meters for payment.

Ordinary cuttings up to 1 m
Both (B) and (C)
Surface dressing up to 15 cm depths
Surface excavation up to 30 cm depths

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Estimating and Costing
The correct Prismoidal formula for volume is

D/3 [first area + last area + 4 Ʃ Even area + 2 Ʃ odd areas]
D/3 [first area + last area + 2 Ʃ Even area + 4 Ʃ odd areas]
D [first area + last area + Ʃ Even area + 2 Ʃ odd areas]
D/6 [first area + last area + 2 ∑ Even area + 4 ∑ odd areas]

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