Recombinant DNA Technology
Knockout mice are created by

infecting the mouse with a retrovirus
creating a chimera by fusing cells from two different cell lines
transfecting embryonic stem cells with an altered gene sequence
mutagenizing a mouse and selecting for mutant offspring

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Recombinant DNA Technology
Some genetic diseases cannot be diagnosed by changes in restriction sites. Some of these can be detected by allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. These are

PCR-amplified variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs)
short sequences that will hybridize only to a specific base sequence
copies of the gene with an altered sequence so that a restriction site is inserted
mutagenized copies of a gene

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Recombinant DNA Technology
The order for the construction of a cDNA fragment from mRNA is to

treat with reverse transcriptase, digest with RNase, add G residues to the 3' end, bind oligo-dC, treat with DNA polymerase and bind oligo-dT
bind oligo-dT, treat with reverse transcriptase, digest with RNase, add G residues to the 3' end, bind oligo-dC, treat with DNA polymerase
digest with RNase, add G residues to the 3' end, treat with reverse transcriptase, add G residues to the 3' end and treat with DNA polymerase
bind oligo-dC, treat with reverse transcriptase, digest with RNase, add G residues to the 3' end, bind oligo-dT and treat with DNA polymerase

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