Recombinant DNA Technology
Knockout mice are created by

infecting the mouse with a retrovirus
creating a chimera by fusing cells from two different cell lines
mutagenizing a mouse and selecting for mutant offspring
transfecting embryonic stem cells with an altered gene sequence

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Recombinant DNA Technology
Some genetic diseases cannot be diagnosed by changes in restriction sites. Some of these can be detected by allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. These are

mutagenized copies of a gene
PCR-amplified variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs)
copies of the gene with an altered sequence so that a restriction site is inserted
short sequences that will hybridize only to a specific base sequence

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP