Recombinant DNA Technology
Plant transformation can be obtained by

using the E. coli bacterium to infect plant roots
infecting plants with a tobacco mosaic virus
combining plant and animal cells in culture
shooting DNA into plant cells with a gun

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Recombinant DNA Technology
Knockout mice are created by

infecting the mouse with a retrovirus
mutagenizing a mouse and selecting for mutant offspring
transfecting embryonic stem cells with an altered gene sequence
creating a chimera by fusing cells from two different cell lines

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