Recombinant DNA Technology
Plant transformation can be obtained by

shooting DNA into plant cells with a gun
using the E. coli bacterium to infect plant roots
combining plant and animal cells in culture
infecting plants with a tobacco mosaic virus

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Recombinant DNA Technology
Knockout mice are created by

transfecting embryonic stem cells with an altered gene sequence
infecting the mouse with a retrovirus
mutagenizing a mouse and selecting for mutant offspring
creating a chimera by fusing cells from two different cell lines

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