Recombinant DNA Technology
Plant transformation can be obtained by

shooting DNA into plant cells with a gun
using the E. coli bacterium to infect plant roots
combining plant and animal cells in culture
infecting plants with a tobacco mosaic virus

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Recombinant DNA Technology
Isoschizomers recognize

same recognition site and recognition sequence
different recognition site and different recognition sequence
same recognition sequence but different recognition site
same recognition site and different recognition sequence

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Recombinant DNA Technology
Some genetic diseases cannot be diagnosed by changes in restriction sites. Some of these can be detected by allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. These are

mutagenized copies of a gene
short sequences that will hybridize only to a specific base sequence
PCR-amplified variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs)
copies of the gene with an altered sequence so that a restriction site is inserted

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