Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following statements about G proteins is false?

They become activated when bound to GDP
They bind to and are regulated by guanine nucleotides
They are involved in signal cascades
They must be active before the cell can make needed cAMP

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins
signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins
signaling molecule; target cell; receptors
kinase; receptor; proteases

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor
involves the activation of a G protein
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect
All of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
cell specialization and communication between cells
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
It is a steroid
Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell

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