Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

All of these
the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade
receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A cell is known to respond to a particular signaling molecule. Which of the following must be true of this cell?

It is also the site of production for the signaling molecule
It is in the heart muscle
It contains the receptor for the signaling molecule
It is incapable of signal transduction

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
It is a steroid

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