Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

All of these
the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade
receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

None of these
changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved
makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule
allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane

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