Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
never enter the blood of humans

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade
All of these

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