Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
never enter the blood of humans

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

All of these
involves the activation of a G protein
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect
must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A cell is known to respond to a particular signaling molecule. Which of the following must be true of this cell?

It contains the receptor for the signaling molecule
It is in the heart muscle
It is also the site of production for the signaling molecule
It is incapable of signal transduction

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms

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