Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
never enter the blood of humans

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

cell specialization and communication between cells
simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A cell is known to respond to a particular signaling molecule. Which of the following must be true of this cell?

It is incapable of signal transduction
It is in the heart muscle
It is also the site of production for the signaling molecule
It contains the receptor for the signaling molecule

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

involves the activation of a G protein
must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect
All of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade
All of these
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade
the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor

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