Cell Signalling and Transduction
In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecules affects only

target cells close to the cell from which it was secreted
None of these
both (a) and (b)
target cells distant from its site of synthesis in cells of an endocrine organ

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
It is a steroid

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Why is it that inhaling nitric oxide reduces blood pressure only in the lung tissue and not elsewhere in the body*?

Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far
Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood
Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule
None of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
All of these
Nitric oxide would no longer be produced
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect
All of these
must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor
involves the activation of a G protein

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