Cell Signalling and Transduction
In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecules affects only

target cells distant from its site of synthesis in cells of an endocrine organ
both (a) and (b)
target cells close to the cell from which it was secreted
None of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
never enter the blood of humans

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