Cell Signalling and Transduction
In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecules affects only

None of these
target cells distant from its site of synthesis in cells of an endocrine organ
both (a) and (b)
target cells close to the cell from which it was secreted

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax
Nitric oxide would no longer be produced
It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
All of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A cell is known to respond to a particular signaling molecule. Which of the following must be true of this cell?

It is also the site of production for the signaling molecule
It is in the heart muscle
It is incapable of signal transduction
It contains the receptor for the signaling molecule

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane
None of these
makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule
changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
never enter the blood of humans
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades

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