Cell Signalling and Transduction
In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecules affects only

both (a) and (b)
target cells distant from its site of synthesis in cells of an endocrine organ
target cells close to the cell from which it was secreted
None of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
never enter the blood of humans
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
It is a steroid
Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

kinase; receptor; proteases
signaling molecule; target cell; receptors
signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins
signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax
It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
All of these
Nitric oxide would no longer be produced

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