Cell Signalling and Transduction
In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecules affects only

target cells close to the cell from which it was secreted
target cells distant from its site of synthesis in cells of an endocrine organ
None of these
both (a) and (b)

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
never enter the blood of humans
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Cell signaling can be classified into

two distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
None of these
three distinct types based on the signaling molecules
three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
cell specialization and communication between cells
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A cell is known to respond to a particular signaling molecule. Which of the following must be true of this cell?

It is in the heart muscle
It is incapable of signal transduction
It contains the receptor for the signaling molecule
It is also the site of production for the signaling molecule

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