Cell Signalling and Transduction
In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecules affects only

both (a) and (b)
target cells close to the cell from which it was secreted
None of these
target cells distant from its site of synthesis in cells of an endocrine organ

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

None of these
changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved
allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane
makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule

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