Cell Signalling and Transduction
In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecules affects only

both (a) and (b)
target cells distant from its site of synthesis in cells of an endocrine organ
None of these
target cells close to the cell from which it was secreted

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
It is a steroid

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
never enter the blood of humans
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved
None of these
makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule
allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Why is it that inhaling nitric oxide reduces blood pressure only in the lung tissue and not elsewhere in the body*?

None of these
Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far
Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule
Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood

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