Cell Signalling and Transduction
In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecules affects only

target cells distant from its site of synthesis in cells of an endocrine organ
None of these
both (a) and (b)
target cells close to the cell from which it was secreted

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

All of these
must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor
involves the activation of a G protein
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule
changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved
allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane
None of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

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