Cell Signalling and Transduction
In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecules affects only

None of these
target cells distant from its site of synthesis in cells of an endocrine organ
both (a) and (b)
target cells close to the cell from which it was secreted

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved
allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane
None of these
makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins
kinase; receptor; proteases
signaling molecule; target cell; receptors
signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins

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