Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor
involves the activation of a G protein
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect
All of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Cell signaling can be classified into

None of these
three distinct types based on the signaling molecules
three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
two distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules

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