Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane
None of these
changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved
makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

All of these
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect
must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor
involves the activation of a G protein

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
cAMP and cGMP are derived from

None of these
GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins
signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins
kinase; receptor; proteases
signaling molecule; target cell; receptors

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