Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
cell specialization and communication between cells

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

involves the activation of a G protein
must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor
All of these
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
cAMP and cGMP are derived from

ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
None of these
GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively

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