Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade
All of these
the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

never enter the blood of humans
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
It is a steroid
Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell

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