Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade
All of these
receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP