Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
All of these
Nitric oxide would no longer be produced
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
never enter the blood of humans

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Nitroglycerin has long been administered to human patients suffering from chronic chest pain (angina). This medication works because it

breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart
is broken down into hormones that affect the heart
interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle
mimics the action of signal receptors

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