Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

Nitric oxide would no longer be produced
All of these
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax
It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Why is it that inhaling nitric oxide reduces blood pressure only in the lung tissue and not elsewhere in the body*?

Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far
None of these
Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule
Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

All of these
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect
involves the activation of a G protein
must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Nitroglycerin has long been administered to human patients suffering from chronic chest pain (angina). This medication works because it

mimics the action of signal receptors
interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle
breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart
is broken down into hormones that affect the heart

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Cell signaling can be classified into

three distinct types based on the signaling molecules
two distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
None of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules

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