Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

signaling molecule; target cell; receptors
signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins
kinase; receptor; proteases
signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
It is a steroid
Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
cell specialization and communication between cells
simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade
All of these
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax
It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
Nitric oxide would no longer be produced
All of these

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