Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins
signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins
kinase; receptor; proteases
signaling molecule; target cell; receptors

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
cell specialization and communication between cells

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
cAMP and cGMP are derived from

None of these
GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade
All of these
the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor

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