Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

It is a steroid
Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

None of these
allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane
makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule
changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms

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