Cell Signalling and Transduction
Nitroglycerin has long been administered to human patients suffering from chronic chest pain (angina). This medication works because it

mimics the action of signal receptors
interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle
is broken down into hormones that affect the heart
breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax
Nitric oxide would no longer be produced
All of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Cell signaling can be classified into

None of these
three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
three distinct types based on the signaling molecules
two distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
cell specialization and communication between cells

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
never enter the blood of humans
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away

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