Cell Signalling and Transduction
Nitroglycerin has long been administered to human patients suffering from chronic chest pain (angina). This medication works because it

is broken down into hormones that affect the heart
mimics the action of signal receptors
interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle
breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
cell specialization and communication between cells

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

All of these
It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax
Nitric oxide would no longer be produced

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade
All of these

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