Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following processes involve the combining of a message from one signaling molecule with that of another to either enhance or inhibit a cellular effect?

Signal reception
Signal amplification
Signal transduction
Signal integration

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
It is a steroid

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
cAMP and cGMP are derived from

GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
None of these

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