Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following processes involve the combining of a message from one signaling molecule with that of another to either enhance or inhibit a cellular effect?

Signal reception
Signal amplification
Signal transduction
Signal integration

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade
the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
All of these
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
cAMP and cGMP are derived from

ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively
None of these
GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

It is a steroid
Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
All of these
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax
Nitric oxide would no longer be produced

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