Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following processes involve the combining of a message from one signaling molecule with that of another to either enhance or inhibit a cellular effect?

Signal reception
Signal transduction
Signal amplification
Signal integration

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins
signaling molecule; target cell; receptors
signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins
kinase; receptor; proteases

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
cell specialization and communication between cells

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Why is it that inhaling nitric oxide reduces blood pressure only in the lung tissue and not elsewhere in the body*?

Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood
Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule
Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far
None of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

never enter the blood of humans
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades

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