Cell Signalling and Transduction
The enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of PIP2 into two molecules of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol in cell signaling, is

phosphodiesterase C
phosphokinase C
lipokinase
phospholipase C

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

None of these
makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule
allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane
changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
never enter the blood of humans

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