Cell Signalling and Transduction
What is the name of the protein signaling molecule that alters glucose uptake, and where would its receptors be located?

PDGF; the blood
Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas
Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel
NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

kinase; receptor; proteases
signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins
signaling molecule; target cell; receptors
signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
It is a steroid

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Why is it that inhaling nitric oxide reduces blood pressure only in the lung tissue and not elsewhere in the body*?

Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood
Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule
Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far
None of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
cell specialization and communication between cells
simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization

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