Cell Signalling and Transduction
What is the name of the protein signaling molecule that alters glucose uptake, and where would its receptors be located?

PDGF; the blood
Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel
Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas
NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

It is a steroid
It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
cell specialization and communication between cells
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules

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