Cell Signalling and Transduction
What is the name of the protein signaling molecule that alters glucose uptake, and where would its receptors be located?

Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel
NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes
Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas
PDGF; the blood

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
cell specialization and communication between cells
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
Nitric oxide would no longer be produced
All of these
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax

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