Cell Signalling and Transduction
What is the name of the protein signaling molecule that alters glucose uptake, and where would its receptors be located?

NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes
Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas
PDGF; the blood
Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
never enter the blood of humans
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
cAMP and cGMP are derived from

GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
None of these

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