Cell Signalling and Transduction
What is the name of the protein signaling molecule that alters glucose uptake, and where would its receptors be located?

PDGF; the blood
Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel
Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas
NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Cell signaling can be classified into

three distinct types based on the signaling molecules
None of these
two distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

never enter the blood of humans
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

All of these
must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor
involves the activation of a G protein
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

Nitric oxide would no longer be produced
It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
All of these
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax

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