Cell Signalling and Transduction
What is the name of the protein signaling molecule that alters glucose uptake, and where would its receptors be located?

NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes
Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel
Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas
PDGF; the blood

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Nitroglycerin has long been administered to human patients suffering from chronic chest pain (angina). This medication works because it

breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart
interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle
mimics the action of signal receptors
is broken down into hormones that affect the heart

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Why is it that inhaling nitric oxide reduces blood pressure only in the lung tissue and not elsewhere in the body*?

None of these
Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far
Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood
Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade
All of these
the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade

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