Cell Signalling and Transduction
What is the name of the protein signaling molecule that alters glucose uptake, and where would its receptors be located?

PDGF; the blood
NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes
Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas
Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Why is it that inhaling nitric oxide reduces blood pressure only in the lung tissue and not elsewhere in the body*?

Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood
Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule
None of these
Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
never enter the blood of humans
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Cell signaling can be classified into

two distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
three distinct types based on the signaling molecules
three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
None of these

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