Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect
involves the activation of a G protein
All of these
must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Nitroglycerin has long been administered to human patients suffering from chronic chest pain (angina). This medication works because it

interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle
mimics the action of signal receptors
is broken down into hormones that affect the heart
breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

kinase; receptor; proteases
signaling molecule; target cell; receptors
signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins
signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins

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