Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins
kinase; receptor; proteases
signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins
signaling molecule; target cell; receptors

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

All of these
involves the activation of a G protein
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect
must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor

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