Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
never enter the blood of humans

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

Nitric oxide would no longer be produced
It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
All of these
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

cell specialization and communication between cells
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
cAMP and cGMP are derived from

ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively
None of these
ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

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