Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule
allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane
None of these
changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

kinase; receptor; proteases
signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins
signaling molecule; target cell; receptors
signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Nitroglycerin has long been administered to human patients suffering from chronic chest pain (angina). This medication works because it

mimics the action of signal receptors
interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle
is broken down into hormones that affect the heart
breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart

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