Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
cAMP and cGMP are derived from

None of these
ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively
GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Nitroglycerin has long been administered to human patients suffering from chronic chest pain (angina). This medication works because it

is broken down into hormones that affect the heart
mimics the action of signal receptors
breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart
interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

All of these
Nitric oxide would no longer be produced
It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax

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