Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Cell signaling can be classified into

three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
three distinct types based on the signaling molecules
None of these
two distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

All of these
receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade
the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade

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