Cell Signalling and Transduction
Cell signaling can be classified into

three distinct types based on the signaling molecules
None of these
two distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Nitroglycerin has long been administered to human patients suffering from chronic chest pain (angina). This medication works because it

mimics the action of signal receptors
interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle
breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart
is broken down into hormones that affect the heart

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
never enter the blood of humans
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Why is it that inhaling nitric oxide reduces blood pressure only in the lung tissue and not elsewhere in the body*?

None of these
Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far
Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule
Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

All of these
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax
It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
Nitric oxide would no longer be produced

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