Cell Signalling and Transduction
cAMP and cGMP are derived from

GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively
None of these
ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

Nitric oxide would no longer be produced
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax
It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
All of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade
the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
All of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins
signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins
signaling molecule; target cell; receptors
kinase; receptor; proteases

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules

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