Cell Signalling and Transduction
cAMP and cGMP are derived from

None of these
ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
It is a steroid
It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
never enter the blood of humans
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect
involves the activation of a G protein
All of these

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