Cell Signalling and Transduction
In vasodilation, proper nerve signals sent to blood vessels cause

reduced blood pressure
relaxation of smooth muscle cells
All of these
the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Why is it that inhaling nitric oxide reduces blood pressure only in the lung tissue and not elsewhere in the body*?

Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood
Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule
Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far
None of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

cell specialization and communication between cells
simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
never enter the blood of humans

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