Cell Signalling and Transduction
In vasodilation, proper nerve signals sent to blood vessels cause

All of these
reduced blood pressure
relaxation of smooth muscle cells
the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved
None of these
allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane
makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade
All of these
receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
cAMP and cGMP are derived from

None of these
ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively
ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The signaling molecules called steroid hormones

never enter the blood of humans
are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane
are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away
bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades

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