Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
cell specialization and communication between cells
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Cell Signalling and Transduction
A signal cascade induced by adrenaline or thyroxine

involves the activation of a G protein
results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect
All of these
must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Cell Signalling and Transduction
Nitroglycerin has long been administered to human patients suffering from chronic chest pain (angina). This medication works because it

interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle
is broken down into hormones that affect the heart
mimics the action of signal receptors
breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP