Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
cell specialization and communication between cells

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Cell signaling can be classified into

None of these
three distinct types based on the signaling molecules
three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
two distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
The binding of ligands to many G-proteins linked receptors leads to shortlived

decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger
increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger
decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?

It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
It is a steroid
Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process

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