Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
cell specialization and communication between cells
simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved
allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane
None of these
makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
When a __________ reaches its __________ , there is a specific means of receiving it and acting on the message. This task is the responsibility of specialized proteins called __________ .

signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins
signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins
kinase; receptor; proteases
signaling molecule; target cell; receptors

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