Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
cell specialization and communication between cells

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Nitroglycerin has long been administered to human patients suffering from chronic chest pain (angina). This medication works because it

interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle
breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart
is broken down into hormones that affect the heart
mimics the action of signal receptors

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?

It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
All of these
Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax
Nitric oxide would no longer be produced

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In terms of cell communication, what do bacterial pathogens such as cholera and anthrax have in common?

They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules
They prevent the production of key signaling molecules
They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms
They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
A cell is known to respond to a particular signaling molecule. Which of the following must be true of this cell?

It contains the receptor for the signaling molecule
It is also the site of production for the signaling molecule
It is incapable of signal transduction
It is in the heart muscle

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