Cell Signalling and Transduction
Two key organizing principles for large multicellular organisms are

simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization
communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes
prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization
cell specialization and communication between cells

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
In the signal transduction mechanism known as protein phosphorylation

the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor
phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade
receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade
All of these

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Cell Signalling and Transduction
Self-phosphorylation is an excellent mechanism for triggering specific catalytic function of the proteins involved in signal cascades because it

makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule
allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane
None of these
changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved

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