Theory of Machine
When the two elements of a pair have a surface contact when relative motion takes place and the surface of one element slides over the surface of the other, the pair formed is known as a

Force-closed pair
Lower pair
Self-closed pair
Higher pair

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Theory of Machine
The frictional torque transmitted in a flat collar bearing, considering uniform pressure, is (where r₁ and r₂ = External and internal radii of collar respectively)

(1/2). μ W (r₁ + r₂)
(2/3). μ W (r₁ + r₂)
(1/2). μ W [(r₁³ - r₂³)/(r₁² - r₂²)]
(2/3). μ W [(r₁³ - r₂³)/(r₁² - r₂²)]

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