Theory of Machine
When the two elements of a pair have a surface contact when relative motion takes place and the surface of one element slides over the surface of the other, the pair formed is known as a

Self-closed pair
Force-closed pair
Lower pair
Higher pair

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Theory of Machine
In a hydrodynamic journal bearing, there is

A thick film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing
A forced lubricant between the journal and the bearing
No lubricant between the journal and the bearing
A very thin film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing such that there is contact between the journal and the bearing

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Theory of Machine
Two heavy rotating masses are connected by shafts of lengths l₁, l₂ and l₃ and the corresponding diameters are d₁, d₂ and d₃. This system is reduced to a torsionally equivalent system having uniform diameter d = d₁ of the shaft. The equivalent length of the shaft is

l₁ + l₂ + l₃
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)³ + l₂.(d₁/d₃)³
(l₁ + l₂ + l₃)/3
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)⁴ + l₃.(d₁/d₃)⁴

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Theory of Machine
Angle of action of cam is defined as the angle

Through which the cam rotates during the period in which the follower remains in the highest position
Moved by the cam from the instant the follower begins to rise, till it reaches its highest position
Moved by the cam from beginning of ascent to the termination of descent
Of rotation of the cam for a definite displacement of the follower

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